1. Polyester: The first largest variety of synthetic fiber.
There are several trade names: the British name for the polyester is "Terylene"; the US for the polyester is called "Dacron"; "Polyester" is the trade name of our country.
Structure and performance: The structure is determined by the spinning hole. The conventional polyester has a circular cross section and no intermediate cavity. Fiber macromolecule crystallinity, high degree of orientation, so the fiber strength is high (20 times that of viscose fiber), the elasticity is good and not easy to wrinkle, the shape is good, the shape is good, the light resistance is good, the heat is good, the washing is quick and dry, and the hot is washed. Good wearability. Polyester has stable performance and acid resistance to general chemical reagents, but does not require high-humidity treatment of concentrated alkali. It uses this property to process polyester, the surface of the fiber is corroded, the weight is reduced, the fineness is finer, and the silk style can be produced (ie, simulation). One of the methods of silk), this method is called alkali reduction treatment. The polyester fiber has poor hygroscopicity, poor gas permeability and sweat absorption, and has a stuffy feeling when worn. At the same time, its dyeability is also poor, and special dyes or special dyes are needed. Equipment process conditions, dyeing under high humidity and high pressure, in order to improve its dyeability, there are currently cationic dyeable polyester on the market. If you want to improve the admissibility of polyester, you can use polyester and other natural fibers (such as cotton) or regenerated cellulose fiber. (such as viscose) and other blends.
2, nylon: (China's trade name) is the earliest synthetic fiber, the variety is nylon 6, nylon 66; and polyester, there are other trade names, the US name (Nylon) nylon, the Japanese name (Nailon) nylon. China's nylon 6 is the main color, its dyeing performance is better than nylon 66.
The nylon fibers are straight and smooth in the longitudinal direction, and the cross section may be circular or other shapes. The most outstanding feature of nylon is its excellent wear resistance (10 times higher than cotton fiber), and its strength and elasticity are very good. Therefore, it has excellent durability. It is commonly used to make socks and ropes. Its specific gravity is smaller than that of polyester. Therefore, it is light in weight. The nylon fiber has poor moisture absorption and good waterproof and windproof properties. It is suitable for mountaineering clothes, parachutes and raincoats. Due to the low moisture regain and poor hygroscopicity, the fabric is prone to static electricity and sultry heat, but its performance has been greatly improved by the modification treatment with other fibers.
3. Acrylic fiber: Acrylic fiber is mainly composed of short fiber. Because it resembles wool, it is called “artificial woolâ€. Acrylic fiber has a special thermal extensibility and is suitable for the production of products such as bulked yarn, wool, knitted fabrics and artificial fur. Acrylic fiber is soft and full, easy to dye and bright in color. The elasticity is not as good as that of wool, polyester, etc., especially after repeated stretching, the residual deformation is large. Therefore, the cuffs and neckline of the clothes made of acrylic fiber are easily deformed. Acrylic is less hygroscopic than nylon and is prone to static electricity and pilling. Acrylic fiber has low thermal conductivity and light texture, so it has good heat retention, and has excellent solar resistance, insect proof and mold, and is widely used in knitwear.
4. Polypropylene: The raw materials are abundant, the price is low, the production process is simple, and the development is fast. The biggest feature of polypropylene is its small specific gravity, lighter than water (3/5 of cotton fiber), and the lightest of the fibers. The product has moderate elasticity and recovery, is not easy to wrinkle, can not afford the ball. Polypropylene dyeing is difficult, generally dyeing the original liquid. The polypropylene fiber has poor hygroscopicity, but the polypropylene has a strong wicking effect. The water vapor can be removed by the capillary in the fiber. After the garment is made, the comfort is good, especially Polypropylene microfibers, because of the increased surface area, deliver sweat faster and keep the skin comfortable. The polypropylene fiber is particularly inferior in light resistance and light fastness, easily deteriorates, and has poor heat resistance, and starts to shrink at 100 ° C or higher.
5. Spandex: It is a kind of high elastic fiber. The international trade name is Spandex. In 1959, this fiber was born in DuPont, USA, and it was named Lycra. The flexibility of spandex is higher than other fibers, the deformation ability is large, the elastic recovery performance is good, the recovery rate is 90% when the elongation is 500%, it can be dyed into various colors, the hand feel is smooth, the wetness is small, the strength is lower than the general fiber, and the light is light. Soft, good acid, alkali, light, generally rarely used bare silk, often with spandex as the core, and with cotton, wool, silk, polyester, nylon, etc. into the core yarn, wrapped yarn, weaving The elastic fabric makes the fabric soft and comfortable, fits fit, and stretches freely. It is widely used. As long as a small amount of spandex (3%~5%) is included in the fabric, the elastic recovery ability of the fabric can be obviously improved.
6, Weilun: less applied in clothing, more applied in industry, the appearance and feel of the fabric is like cotton cloth, the elasticity is not as good as synthetic fiber such as polyester, the fabric is easy to wrinkle, the dyeing performance is poor, but its moisture content is better than other Synthetic fiber, small specific gravity and thermal conductivity, light and warm, good strength and wear resistance, excellent chemical resistance, sunlight resistance, seawater resistance.
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