Discussion on Molding Process and Sculpture Process for Identification of Molding Process

The identification of the forming process of ancient ceramics is the second step in the identification of ancient ceramics. People focus on the external shape of the artifacts in the traditional verification of the standardization, while the emphasis in modern trace studies on the identification of the shape of the artifacts. The same shape can be made with different processes, and different processes leave different marks on the surfaces of the objects. In the identification, traces are more worthy of study than shapes.

The ceramic molding process can be divided into two categories in terms of methods. One is the plastic method and the other is the grouting method. The plastic method is based on the plasticity of mud to make various shapes of ceramic utensils, such as hand-kneading, sculpture, plate building, printing blank, drawing, top batch, spinning, rolling and so on. The grouting method utilizes the fluidity and suspensibility of the mud, together with the diversity of the gypsum mold and water absorption to create the shape of the device, which includes the hollow grouting method and the solid grouting method.

Historically, the ceramic molding process can be divided into two categories, traditional and modern. The pinching, sculpting, sculpting, stamping, drawing and billeting in the plastic process are all traditional processes, while spinning, rolling and grouting are all modern ceramic processes. In addition, the molding process should also include two auxiliary processes: trimming and bonding. In the identification, it is necessary to make correct judgments based on the historical background and trace characteristics of various molding processes, especially the differences between traditional processes and modern processes. More than 80% of the counterfeits on the market today are made using modern molding techniques. As long as you master the method of distinguishing them, most of the identification problems can be solved in this link.

Grinding is the use of clay plasticity, with simple tools, freehand shape the shape of the device. The kneading process belongs to the oldest ceramic forming technique and it exists since the day of the pottery. Pottery made in ancient times was mostly made of bottles, cans, kettles, pots, pots and other practical devices. In order to improve the strength of artifacts, the ancients often used a tool with a corrugated pattern or a checkered pattern to roll or tap on the outer wall and leave a seal. Today people call it imprinted pottery. After the emergence of the wheeling tools in the middle and late stages of the primitive society, the production of some circular objects was gradually replaced by the mud-bar construction process. Some minor distorts or auxiliary accessories on the objects were replaced by the stamping process. The biggest advantage of the kneading process is that it is easy to use and does not require any complicated tools. As long as there is a piece of kneaded clay, it can be molded.

The kneading process looks simple, but sometimes the simpler the more difficult it is to master. Just like Chinese people write, the stroke of "one" is the least, it seems the easiest to write, but it is very difficult to write well. The same is true for the kneading process. Without using any tools, it is very difficult to pinch round a small can, and it is very difficult to succeed without learning and tempering for a long time. Contemporary copyists often want to take short cuts when they encounter difficulties and replace them with other methods such as stencil printing or drawing. The method has changed, and the traces left on the artifacts will be different. This will facilitate the identification.

The pottery produced by the kneading process is characterized by the uneven thickness of the wall, especially the low levelness of the inner wall of the object, which looks undulating, and often leaves fingerprints or nail prints of the producer. After the outer walls of the objects are generally calendered and calendered, they can be substantially evenly shaped. Those shape-reducing shapes and human and animal skeletons are removed. After the appearance of the trimmed objects, fingerprints are rarely left. It is these modern falsifications. In order to highlight their hand-made features, they deliberately press a few finger prints on the finished surface.

In addition to making some simple utensils, the most common is the use of non-circular utensils or objects such as pottery and plastics, as well as sculptures. Sculptures are often shaped by tools such as knives and slow wheels. The appearance of sculpture craft will not be later than the late period of primitive society. As far as the sculpture itself is concerned, it is an independent art and can be created using various materials. Before the invention of the metalware, the original sculptures that can be preserved so far are ceramic works besides the stone works. Both ancient and modern works have obvious personality characteristics and characteristics of the times. In terms of individuality, just as people write, all readers can write, but the fonts they write are different. As far as the characteristics of the times are concerned, it is even more obvious. Each creator's work will leave a cultural and social imprint of the times.